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Hendra virus genotypes 1 and 2 differ in V protein- mediated immune evasion
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DOI：10.1099/jgv.0.002256.png)
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Abstract
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Hendra virus (HeV) is a highly pathogenic virus endemic to Australia that causes lethal infections in horses and humans following spillover from bat reservoirs. There are two known genotypes: genotype 1 and 2 (HeV- g1 and HeV- g2). Both have caused lethal disease in horses, but HeV- g1 causes a more severe disease than HeV- g2 in non- human primates. The molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood. The capacity of viruses to evade the interferon (IFN)- mediated antiviral innate immune response is important in infection and disease, and in HeV, the virulence factor V protein is a key mediator and one of the most divergent proteins between the genotypes. We compared the IFN antagonist functions of the V proteins of HeV- g1 and HeV- g2, finding that HeV- g1- V was more potent than HeV- g2- V in antagonizing the induction of type- I IFN; we further found that the proteins differ in nucleocytoplasmic localization. Consistent with these findings, HeV- g1 suppressed type- I IFN production more effectively than HeV- g2 during infection. These data reveal differences in the fundamental biology of HeV genotypes, which may be significant to pathogenesis.
Keywords:
Hendra virus
henipavirus
immune evasion
V protein
virus-host interaction
zoonoses
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