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High-clarity multifunctional Cu/Ni transparent films for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding
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DOI：10.1039/D6RA02506D.png)
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Abstract
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Transparent conductive materials still face significant challenges in simultaneously achieving high optical transmittance; broadband electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding; and excellent environmental stability. In this work; a hexagonal–Voronoi composite metal mesh (HV-CMM) is proposed by integrating a periodic hexagonal framework with stochastic Voronoi substructures; which effectively suppresses optical diffraction while maintaining structural stability. By tuning the characteristic size of the Voronoi features; a synergistic optimization of optical and electromagnetic performance is achieved. The fabricated HV-CMM exhibits high optical transmittance of 78–83% and low haze of 4.5–4.8% in the visible range. Owing to the disruption of long-range periodicity; coherent diffraction is effectively suppressed; leading to improved visual uniformity. In the 1–18 GHz frequency range; the samples demonstrate stable EMI shielding performance; with an average shielding effectiveness of 38.5 dB and a maximum value of 47.8 dB at 12 GHz. In addition; the HV-CMM shows rapid and uniform electrothermal response; reaching a temperature of 143 °C within 150 s under an applied voltage of 1 V. The introduction of a Ni passivation layer significantly enhances environmental stability; reducing the variation in sheet resistance from 152.9% for pure Cu to 42.4% after 240 h under 85 °C/85% RH conditions. This work presents a structure–material co-design strategy; providing a new pathway for multifunctional transparent conductive meshes in applications such as optical windows; defogging/deicing systems; and electromagnetic protection.
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