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High-entropy ZIF-derived NCNF/HEA composites via ultrafast Joule heating for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
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DOI：10.1016/j.compositesa.2026.110153.png)
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Abstract
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Single-component high-entropy alloy (HEA) absorbers typically suffer from relatively high density and narrow bandwidth, which severely limits their electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. Herein, a nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber/high-entropy alloy (NCNF/HEA) composite was fabricated by combining the in-situ growth of high-entropy zeolitic imidazolate framework (HE-ZIF) on electrospun nanofibers with ultrafast Joule heating. This process enabled the uniform formation of HEA nanoparticles within a porous one-dimensional carbon nanofiber network while effectively suppressing particle agglomeration. By regulating the metal composition from monometallic to pentametallic systems, the effect of configurational complexity on EMW absorption was systematically investigated. The optimized NCNF/HEA composite achieved a minimum reflection loss of −51.2 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.36 GHz at a low filler loading of 10 wt%. The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, and improved impedance matching, arising from the high-entropy effect, nitrogen doping, heterogeneous interfaces, and the porous conductive structure. This work provides an effective route for the design of lightweight and high-efficiency HEA-based EMW absorbers.
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