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High stability and accuracy 543.5 nm laser referenced to optical frequency comb by PPLN crystal frequency doubling
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DOI：10.1016/j.optlaseng.2026.109682.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
As an important wavelength reference, the 543 nm frequency stabilized laser offers a distinct alternative to the commonly used 633 nm stabilized He-Ne laser, playing a significant role in high-precision length and wavelength metrology. This paper presents a novel method for generating and stabilizing a 543.5 nm laser that differs fundamentally from traditional stabilized He-Ne lasers. The approach leverages an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to phase-lock a single-frequency, narrow-linewidth 1087 nm fiber laser to an optical frequency comb, and subsequently generates a highly stable 543.5 nm laser through second-harmonic generation (SHG). This approach enables the frequency comb's high precision to be transferred seamlessly and without degradation to a continuous-wave laser. The paper analyzes the SHG process in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal for generating the 543.5 nm output, and discusses the advantages of locking the CW laser to the optical frequency comb using an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL). Experimental results show that this method yields 48 mW of 543.5 nm laser output, with frequency fluctuations <1 Hz and a relative uncertainty of 1.0 & times; 10(-)& sup1;& sup3; after locking to the frequency comb. Compared with traditional 543 nm iodine-stabilized He-Ne lasers, this new method significantly enhances both the output power and frequency stability of the laser. The 543.5 nm laser was then used to measure the wavelength of a low-power thermally stabilized 543 nm He-Ne laser, thereby achieving direct traceability of laser wavelength measurements to primary frequency standards. This result highlights the method's potential as a new-generation wavelength reference in the green spectral region, contributing significantly to the advancement of precision optical metrology.
Keywords:
Highly stable 543.5 nm laser
Optical frequency comb
Second harmonic generation
Optical phase-locked loop
Laser wavelength measurement
Periodically poled lithium niobate crystal
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