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Highly efficient single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator
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DOI：10.1364/OL.509620.png)
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Abstract
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We propose a single -layer graphene electro-absorption modulator (EAM) with an angled waveguide sidewall. By utilizing the hybridization of the TM0 mode and the TE1 mode in the waveguide, the light-graphene interaction is enhanced. A modulation depth of 0.124 dB/mu m and a figure of merit up to 25 are obtained at 1550 nm. Moreover, we show that the longitudinal electric field plays a significant role in making the optical absorption efficient, which indicates that modulation depth can be increased by enhancing the longitudinal electric field in modulators. This provides a promising solution for the future design of graphene optical modulators. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group
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