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Hot deformation behavior and recrystallization mechanism of an Mg-11Y-2Al-0.5Ca alloy based on WOA-BP constitutive modeling
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DOI：10.1016/j.jre.2026.07.030.png)
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Abstract
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This study investigates the hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of the Mg-11Y-2Al-0.5Ca alloy over a wide range of temperatures (300–450 °C) and strain rates (0.001–1 s–1). Basal slip dominates across a broad range of Zener-Hollomon parameters, while Y and Ca solutes provide strong pinning effects that stabilize the microstructure. A whale optimization algorithm-back propagation (WOA-BP) neural network accurately predicts the flow stress under diverse deformation conditions, achieving an R2 of 0.99908, an RMSE of 3.5302 MPa, and an MAE of 2.2899 MPa, thereby outperforming the conventional modified Zerilli-Armstrong and strain-compensated Arrhenius models. The calculated deformation activation energy (Q) of the alloy is 198.3880 kJ/mol. Combined with electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, the results reveal that the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism continuously transitions from DDRX to CDRX under varying deformation conditions. DDRX, which dominates at high strain rates or low temperatures, produces bimodal grain structures characterized by serrated grain boundaries and high dislocation density. In contrast, CDRX, prevailing at low strain rates or high temperatures, results in uniform and fine equiaxed grains. Basal slip consistently acts as the primary deformation mechanism, while the evolution of the {0001} basal texture correlates closely with recrystallization behavior and grain refinement. In addition, solute atoms and Al2Y precipitates enhance microstructural stability through pinning effects. By integrating these findings with processing maps, a clear relationship is established among microstructural evolution, power dissipation efficiency, and flow stability. These insights provide a mechanistic understanding of DRX behavior, texture evolution, and precipitate–dislocation interactions, offering valuable guidance for optimizing hot-working parameters, improving microstructural homogeneity, and controlling defects in Mg-RE alloys.
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