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How antisense transcripts can evolve to encode novel proteins
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DOI：10.1038/s41467-024-50550-3.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Protein coding features can emerge de novo in non coding transcripts, resulting in emergence of new protein coding genes. Studies across many species show that a large fraction of evolutionarily novel non-coding RNAs have an antisense overlap with protein coding genes. The open reading frames (ORFs) in these antisense RNAs could also overlap with existing ORFs. In this study, we investigate how the evolution an ORF could be constrained by its overlap with an existing ORF in three different reading frames. Using a combination of mathematical modeling and genome/transcriptome data analysis in two different model organisms, we show that antisense overlap can increase the likelihood of ORF emergence and reduce the likelihood of ORF loss, especially in one of the three reading frames. In addition to rationalising the repeatedly reported prevalence of de novo emerged genes in antisense transcripts, our work also provides a generic modeling and an analytical framework that can be used to understand evolution of antisense genes. New protein coding genes can emerge de novo overlapping existing protein genes but in the opposite orientation. Here, the authors investigate the possibility of such events using mathematical modelling and data analysis, and find that emergence of a protein coding region is generally most likely in one frame of overlap (frame 1).
Keywords:
DE-NOVO GENES
MUTATION-RATE
TRANSLATION
EVOLUTION
ORIGIN
MECHANISMS
SEQUENCE
RATES
CODON
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