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How Bacillus thuringiensis kills its insect host
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DOI：10.1016/j.jip.2026.108643.png)
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Abstract
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• Bt spores can germinate in the insect gut, even in the absence of pesticidal proteins. • Bt pesticidal proteins are generally pore-forming toxins that can result in cell death through a variety of subsequent physiological processes. • There is little evidence that simply the act of pesticidal protein binding to the midgut epithelium can trigger a cell death pathway. • Bt pesticidal proteins can interact with multiple receptors. Increased toxicity may result from the co-operation of several receptors but without a strict sequential pathway. • The vegetatively expressed Vip3Aa protein may also be a component of the spore/crystal mix.
Keywords:
Bacillus thuringiensis
insect gut
pesticidal proteins
spore germination
receptor interaction
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