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How digital governance drives the sustainable transition of rice-crayfish co-culture systems: an evolutionary game analysis of regulation–service–finance synergy
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DOI：10.3389/fsufs.2026.1890737.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
IntroductionRice–crayfish co-culture systems (RCS) in China are increasingly characterized by crayfish-prioritizing production; causing rice yields decline and ecological degradation. Conventional policy instruments and extension services have largely failed to reverse this trend; while digitally integrated governance pathways remain underexplored.MethodsIntegrating sustainability transition theory and digital governance theory; we conceptualize digital governance as a data-driven socio-technical mechanism and construct a tripartite evolutionary game model among local governments; banks; and smallholders. We incorporate digital regulatory intensity; digital service level; and a data-based creditworthiness enhancement coefficient to capture the regulation–service–finance (RSF) synergy. Numerical simulations calibrated to a representative RCS country validate the theoretical findings.Results(1) Achieving a sustainable transition in RCS necessitates the synergistic coordination of digital regulation; digital services; and digital credit; with proactive government guidance emerging as a critical factor for escaping the low-level equilibrium trap. (2) The RSF synergy; combining precise digital monitoring; enhanced extension services; and data-driven credit pricing; is the driving mechanism; while isolated interventions yield limited effects. (3) Governance strategies display regional heterogeneity: a regulation-first approach is better suited for regions with high initial imbalances; while a service-led pathway is more effective in regions with low imbalances. (4) Our findings indicate that digital governance can reshape traditional policy by linking subsidies to verified compliant behavior. In low-imbalance regions; market-based credit pricing may partially substitute for fiscal subsidies; fostering endogenous compliance incentives.DiscussionThis study frames RCS transition as a data-driven socio-technical regime shift. Its principal contribution lies in identifying the RSF synergy framework and regionally differentiated governance pathways. Limitations include the simplified treatment of social norms and dynamic policy feedback; highlighting the need for future multi-regional empirical validation.
Keywords:
food security
digital governance
tripartite evolutionary game
crayfish-prioritizing production
regulation-service-finance synergy
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