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How should covariates be handled in randomized trials? Empirical evidence from 50 trials and recommendations for practice
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DOI：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2026.112374.png)
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Abstract
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What is new?. • Covariate adjustment improved precision in most randomized trials. • Precision gains were greater for continuous than for binary outcomes. • Parsimonious regression adjustment matched or outperformed complex methods.
Keywords:
randomized clinical trials
covariate adjustment
statistical analysis plan
precision
prognostic variables
causal inference
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