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Human-in-the-Loop Automatic Program Repair
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DOI：10.1109/TSE.2023.3305052.png)
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Abstract
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learn2fix is a human-in-the-loop interactive program repair technique, which can be applied when no bug oracle-except the user who is reporting the bug-is available. This approach incrementally learns the condition under which the bug is observed by systematic negotiation with the user. In this process, learn2fix generates alternative test inputs and sends some of those to the user for obtaining their labels. A limited query budget is assigned to the user for this task. A query is a Yes/No question: When executing this alternative test input, the program under test produces the following output; is the bug observed?. Using the labelled test inputs, learn2fix incrementally learns an automatic bug oracle to predict the user's response. A classification algorithm in machine learning is used for this task. Our key challenge is to maximise the oracle's accuracy in predicting the tests that expose the bug given a practical, small budget of queries. After learning the automatic oracle, an existing program repair tool attempts to repair the bug using the alternative tests that the user has labelled. Our experiments demonstrate that learn2fix trains a sufficiently accurate automatic oracle with a reasonably low labelling effort (lt. 20 queries), and the oracles represented by interpolation-based classifiers produce more accurate predictions than those represented by approximation-based classifiers. Given the user-labelled test inputs, generated using the interpolation-based approach, the GenProg and Angelix automatic program repair tools produce patches that pass a much larger proportion of validation tests than the manually constructed test suites provided by the repair benchmark.
Keywords:
Automated test oracles
semi-automatic program repair
classification algorithms
active machine learning
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