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Human papillomavirus awareness and vaccination willingness among male community residents in Beijing based on the Health Belief Model
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Yan Xing*R
Rujing Shi*Y
Yulian Li*R
Run Cai*T
Tianwei MaX
Xinhai Yuan*L
Liu LiZ
Ziyun Jiang*W
Wenjing Gao DOI：10.1080/21645515.2026.2641328.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Following the January 2025 approval of the first male HPV vaccine in the Chinese mainland, we investigated vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among community-dwelling men. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Beijing, recruiting 480 community-based male residents and 399 men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants completed a questionnaire assessing HPV knowledge and the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of willingness. We found a high level of vaccination willingness, which was notably higher among MSM (90.73%) than the community-recruited male population (87.29%). Critically, willingness surpassed awareness, indicating significant latent demand despite low overall HPV knowledge. HBM analysis showed that perceived benefits promoted willingness in both groups, while self-efficacy of prevention paradoxically acted as an inhibitor. MSM reported higher perceived susceptibility and benefits, but lower severity, compared to community-recruited men. Determinants diverged significantly: income and sexual behavior were unique drivers for community-recruited men, whereas HPV knowledge and STI self-testing drove willingness in MSM. This study confirms high post-approval vaccination willingness but highlights distinct influencing factors. Findings suggest the need for differentiated strategies: universal approaches should highlight vaccine benefits to convert latent demand, while targeted education for MSM must focus on improving knowledge accuracy.
Keywords:
human papillomavirus
male
vaccination
China
knowledge
community
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