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HVS-based scalable video watermarking
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DOI：10.1007/s00530-019-00604-0.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Scalable coding methods are widely considered as promising coding approaches for image/video transmission in heterogeneous environments. To copyright protection of scalable coded videos, scalable video watermarking was introduced which enables reconstructing various scales of watermark from watermarked videos. This paper proposes a novel human vision system-based, spread spectrum method to scalable video watermarking. The host video is decomposed using newly proposed spatio-temporal motion-compensated 3D wavelet decomposition, called k(t+2D) DWT decomposition, to frequency sub-bands. A scalable decomposition of the watermark is inserted into the entire frequency sub-bands of decomposed video. At each frequency sub-band, the watermark data are inserted into the selected coefficients of the sub-band frames in a way that the watermark embedding visual artifact occurs in the highly textured, highly contrasted, and very dark/bright areas of the video frames. The experimental results show that the watermarked test videos are highly transparent and robust against scalable video coding even at very low decoding bit-rates and some other video processing attacks. The proposed approach can guarantee copyright protection for scalable coded videos, especially over heterogeneous networks.
Keywords:
Scalable watermarking
Video coding
Scalability
Human vision system
3D DWT
Motion trajectory analysis
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