Hybrid active–passive thermal management of a metal-integrated battery module via fin optimization in an air-cooled package

2026-08-11

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Osman Bedrettin Karatas *

Ali Husnu Bademlioglu

Kemal Furkan SÖKMEN

DOI：10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.241199

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• The hybrid configuration reduced Tmax by 37% to 32.22 °C at 1.75C and Re = 1500. • Fin optimization decreased the cell-to-cell temperature difference by 77%. • The optimized design met Tmax and ΔT limits at 1.75C and Re = 1500. • ANOVA revealed the fin diameter as the dominant factor with 65.87% contribution. • Module-level thermal, hydraulic, and packaging trade-offs were evaluated.

Hybrid active–passive thermal management of a metal-integrated battery module via fin optimization in an air-cooled package

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