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Hydration and mechanical performance of PVA-ECC with calcined cemented soil waste as a fly ash substitute
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DOI：10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e06347.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Polyvinyl alcohol fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composites (PVA-ECCs) commonly rely on high-volume fly ash to reduce cement consumption and tailor the micromechanical balance required for multiple cracking. However, high-volume fly ash systems often suffer from slow early-age reaction and low early strength, while the supply and quality of fly ash are becoming increasingly uncertain. This study evaluates calcined cemented soil waste (CSW), a construction-derived waste containing soil minerals and cement hydrates, as a fly ash substitute in PVA-ECC at replacement ratios of 0, 25, 50 and 100%. Hydration products, hydration kinetics, pore structure, compressive strength, uniaxial tensile behavior and embodied energy were investigated. The results of XRD, TGA, FTIR and hydration kinetics showed that calcined CSW accelerates early hydration and promotes hydrate formation. At 28 days, higher calcined-CSW contents retained more portlandite while also increasing hydrate-related mass loss, suggesting that calcined CSW may contribute to later-age hydrate formation through hydraulic calcium-bearing phases in addition to pozzolanic and nucleation effects. Replacing fly ash with calcined CSW increased the 3-day compressive strength from 19.2 MPa to 37.8 MPa and the 28-day strength from 45.5 MPa to 55.6 MPa. All mixtures retained tensile strain-hardening behavior. The tensile strain capacity reached 3.7% at 25% replacement and remained 2.5% at full replacement. The simplified strength-normalized embodied energy decreased from 53.5 to 43.1 MJ/(t·MPa). These results demonstrate that calcined CSW can valorize waste, reduce fly ash dependence and improve PVA-ECC mechanical efficiency.
Keywords:
Engineered cementitious composites
PVA fiber
Fly ash substitution
Calcined cemented soil waste
Hydration
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