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Identification of grape ARFs and functional characterization of VvARF19 in fruit enlargement
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DOI：10.1186/s12870-026-09620-5.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are key regulators of the auxin signaling pathway and are involved in plant growth and development. However, the identification and functional characterization of ARF family members in grapes remains largely unreported. In this study, 20 VvARF family members were bioinformatically identified from the genome database of the table grape Red Globe (Vitis vinifera L.). Phylogenetic and synteny analyses revealed three pairs of syntenic relationships among VvARFs and close evolutionary relationships with Prunus avium (sweet cherry) and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Expression profiling of VvARFs across various grape tissues and fruit developmental stages were conducted to identify VvARF19, which exhibited high expression levels during the fruit expansion phase. Functional validation demonstrated that VvARF19-overexpressing tomato plants produced fruits with significantly greater longitudinal and transverse diameters than those of wild-type plants. Furthermore, VvARF19-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited increased silique length and significantly higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in the leaves than untransformed plants (Col). Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed potential interactions between the VvARF19 functional domain AUX_IAA and VvENO2, VvFER, VvDDB, VvPRMT10, and VvEeF1-α. Dual-luciferase assays further confirmed the interaction between VvENO2 and VvDDB with the AUX_IAA domain. These findings provide a foundation for understanding grape berry expansion and offer theoretical insights into fruit quality. Twenty VvARF genes were identified from the grape genome and analyzed phylogenetically. VvARF19 is highly expressed during fruit expansion and positively regulates fruit size and silique length. VvARF19 interacts with VvENO2 and VvDDB via the AUX_IAA domain, providing a molecular basis for exploring fruit expansion regulation in grape.
Keywords:
Auxin response factors (ARFs)
Vitis vinifera
Fruit enlargement
Auxin accumulation
Tomato
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3.0W
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