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Image Painter: An Optimized Stroke-Based Algorithm for Artistic Image Stylization

delete2026-01-01
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PRE
AI
C
Chang‐Chieh Cheng *
DOI:10.1109/MMUL.2025.3646865delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
This article introduces Image Painter (IP), a novel rule-based stroke-based rendering (SBR) algorithm that transforms photographs into painterly images using a sequence of brush strokes. IP employs a principled stroke initialization method combining connected-component labeling and principal component analysis, followed by a dual-stage optimization framework-forward optimization and backward optimization-to refine strokes efficiently and interpretably. Experimental results demonstrate that IP outperforms state-of-the-art SBR methods across key metrics, including mean squared error, structural similarity index measure, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and learned perceptual image patch similarity, even with a limited number of strokes. IP supports diverse painting styles, such as oil sketch, watercolor, pastel, and spray painting, and has practical applications in digital art, step-by-step painting instruction, and synthetic dataset generation for learning-based SBR methods. These results highlight IP's effectiveness, flexibility, and potential for both creative and educational applications.
Keywords:
Rendering (computer graphics)
IP networks
Optimization
Painting
Image color analysis
Computational efficiency
Principal component analysis
Linear programming
Labeling
Knowledge based systems

Journal

I
IEEE Multimedia
IF:
3.3
Papers:
10
Citations:
0

Organization

N
national yang ming chiao tung university
Scholars:
3.0K
Papers: 1.4K
Citations: 0