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Impact of Euler-Heisenberg nonlinear electrodynamics on compact objects and mass radius relation in general relativity
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DOI：10.1016/j.dark.2026.102395.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
We study charged anisotropic compact quark stars within Einstein gravity coupled to Euler-Heisenberg (EH) nonlinear electrodynamics (NLEDs), where the EH Lagrangian encodes one-loop QED vacuum-polarization corrections that become physically significant in ultrastrong electromagnetic fields inside dense compact objects. Unlike standard Einstein-Maxwell theory, the EH sector introduces a nonlinear electromagnetic force FEH into the generalised Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (ToV) equation that stiffens the effective equation of state (EoS) and shifts the mass-radius ( M−R ) relation in a way that has no counterpart in the Maxwell limit. Interior quark matter is described by the MIT Bag model EoS, and the model is closed by matching the interior spacetime to the exterior geometry through the Darmois-Israel junction conditions. Physical acceptability is verified through energy conditions, the adiabatic index (Γ > 4/3), subluminal sound speeds, the Herrera-Abreu cracking criterion, and the Harrison-Zeldovich-Novikov static stability criterion (dM/dρc > 0). The geometric parameter n shifts the M−R curves systematically, yielding predicted radii of 13.76–14.17 km for four accommodated candidates, consistent with current observational constraints. The charge parameter k governs the strength of EH electromagnetic repulsion; a direct Maxwell-limit comparison ( α=0 ) shows that EH corrections increase the maximum supported mass by ∼ 10% and the corresponding stellar radius by ∼ 11%, establishing a quantitative departure from linear electrodynamics that constitutes the central new finding of this work.
Keywords:
Compact fluids
MIT bag model
General relativity
Euler-Heisenberg gravity
NLEDs
Pressure anisotropy
Mass-radius relation,
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