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Impact of Porcine Skin Processing on In Vitro Permeation Testing: Implications for Reliable Evaluation of Topical Metformin Delivery
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DOI：10.1016/j.ejps.2026.107564.png)
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Abstract
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• Commercial processing removes epidermal barrier in porcine skin • Processed skin shows 20–60 × higher early permeation flux • Barrier loss leads to overestimation of drug permeation in IVPT • Tissue sourcing variability can outweigh formulation effects • Standardization needed for reliable IVPT and drug evaluation
Keywords:
Metformin lotion
Topical formulation
Porcine skin
Transdermal permeation
Chemical permeation enhancer
Franz diffusion cell
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