.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Inclusion and equity from accessibility lens: A study of public transit planning practice in mid-sized urban contexts in developing countries
.png){kind=icon}
OA
AI
N
A
D
N
C
N
DOI：10.1016/j.urbmob.2026.100245.png)
.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
While inclusion is widely acknowledged as a core principle in mobility planning, it is often inadequately addressed in public transit systems in mid-sized urban contexts. This paper presents the results of an empirical study examining accessibility and equity issues in public transit practice, using the bus network in Khanh Hoa as a case study. The findings show that only 41.2% of the population is located within transit-supportive areas under the current public transit network, reflecting very limited accessibility to essential services such as education and medical facilities. Using the Level-of-Service (LOS) metrics, where LOS A represents the highest and LOS F the lowest service quality, to evaluate accessibility, the analysis draws a picture of inequity in public transport accessibility, where lower-income groups are more excluded. In general, only 14.8% of the population resides in areas classified as LOS A and B, whereas nearly 60% live in zones with LOS F, highlighting a substantial deficit in essential mobility provision. High-income groups represent more than half of the total population benefiting from LOS A, while only 15% of them fall within LOS F, compared with the overall average. In contrast, lower-income groups are disproportionately concentrated in poorly served transit areas, indicating that public transport provision tends to be less favor poorer neighbourhoods. The calculated Palma ratio further confirms this imbalance. The ratio of three reflects a severe concentration of accessibility benefits among higher-income residents. This evidence suggests that current transport planning outcomes reinforce socio-economic inequity rather than mitigate it. These findings call for attention toward improving social equity in public transport planning projects in mid-sized urban contexts in developing countries.
Keywords:
Public transit quality
Inclusive design
Accessibility
Equity
Mid-sized cities
AI Summary
Key information extracted from the uploaded paper, including a brief overview, abstract, background, key highlights, visual analysis, and future outlook.
Journal
IF:
6.1
Papers:
165
Citations:
416
Organization
View more organizations