Indoor Visible Light Positioning Based on Improved Whale Optimization Method With Min-Max Algorithm

doi:10.1109/TIM.2023.3240212

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Indoor Visible Light Positioning Based on Improved Whale Optimization Method With Min-Max Algorithm

2023-01-01

PRE

Ren Liu

梁

梁中华 (Zhonghua Liang) *

Zhenyu Wang

Wei Li

DOI：10.1109/TIM.2023.3240212

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Abstract

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Recently, the Min-Max algorithm has been widely used in various indoor positioning systems due to its simplicity and robustness. In this article, an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) associated with the Min-Max algorithm is proposed to improve the positioning accuracy concerning the original Min-Max algorithm for visible light positioning (VLP) systems. In the proposed algorithm, the three-dimensional (3-D) region of interest (RoI) affiliated with the target node (TN) is first obtained using the original Min-Max algorithm, and then the IWOA is employed to find the accurate position of the TN in the 3-D RoI with the lowest fitness value. In software simulations, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value of the VLP system is 15 dB and the standard deviation of measured distance noise is 1 m. Our software simulation results show that in the case of two-dimensional (2-D) positioning, the averaged positioning error (APE) of the proposed IWOA-Min-Max algorithm is decreased by 84.6%, 52.1%, 1.9%, and 19.93%, respectively, for the original Min-Max algorithm, the extended Min-Max algorithms, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and the least square estimation (LSE). Furthermore, in the case of 3-D positioning, it is also reduced by 81.7%, 75.4%, 8.5%, and 63.9%, respectively, compared with that of the above four existing algorithms. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) results are also provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IWOA-Min-Max algorithm.

Keywords:

Statistics

Sociology

Three-dimensional displays

Whale optimization algorithms

Partitioning algorithms

Estimation

LED lamps

Improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA)

min-max

visible light positioning (VLP)