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Influence mechanisms of Sn-Bi-Ag alloyed/mixed states on tribological properties of MAX-phase reinforced Ni-based coatings over a wide temperature range
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DOI：10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115585.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
To explore the application prospects of low-melting-point alloys in wide-temperature-range (room temperature RT to 800 °C) lubricating coatings, a NiCrAlY-SnBiAg-Ti3AlC2-Mo composite coating was fabricated via atmospheric plasma spraying. The influence of SnBiAg states (alloyed SnBiAg SBA30A and mixed elemental Sn/Bi/Ag SBA30M) on the coating's microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior across a wide temperature range was systematically investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the SnBiAg alloy significantly improves the grain structure and enhances hardness uniformity. Both coatings exhibited minimum wear rates at 600 °C (2.46-2.50 × 10−5 mm3/N·m), with SBA30A demonstrating superior overall tribological performance. The alloyed state promoted synergistic diffusion, facilitating crack-filling and uniform distribution of lubricating oxides (e.g., NiMoO4 and Bi2MoO6 at elevated temperatures). In contrast, the mixed state suffered from elemental segregation, leading to inhomogeneous oxidation and decreased MAX phase stability. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Ti3AlC2 is more prone to interlayer sliding compared to NiMoO4, Bi2MoO6, and Ag2MoO4. Consequently, the preservation and structural integrity of the MAX phase at elevated temperatures contribute to lubrication.
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