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Influence of calcium doping on the structural, microstructural, and electrical properties of Ba1-xCaxTiO3 electroceramics
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DOI：10.1142/S1793604725510816.png)
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Abstract
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Perovskite oxide material Ba(1-x)CaxTiO(3) (where x=0.0,0.1,0.2, and 0.3 mol %) was prepared via the conventional high-temperature solid-state double-sintering ceramic technique. Substituting Ba2+ ions with Ca2+ at the A-site was found to enhance the temperature stability of the phase while simultaneously reducing the degree of tetragonality. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed a single-phase tetragonal perovskite structure with P4mm symmetry for x=0.0,0.1, and 0.2, whereas x=0.3 displayed a mixed tetragonal-orthorhombic structure, with crystallite sizes ranging from 28.947 nm to 20.841 nm. The surface morphology, examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), revealed predominantly spherical grains with an average grain size ranging from 0.468 to 0.985 mu m. Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis verified the composition of Ba, Ca, Ti, and O. The dielectric properties of all ceramics were investigated in the temperature range of 25-150 degrees C. Among the compositions, x=0.2 exhibited the best functional performance, combining the highest dielectric constant (epsilon(r)=6512.45) and low loss factor (tan delta=0.01634) with enhanced thermal stability and a favorable structural tolerance factor. This composition presents an optimal balance between ferroelectric tetragonality and A-site modification. The incorporation of Ca2+ ions enhanced the electrical response of the ceramics, with conductivity showing a positive correlation with temperature, making them suitable for energy-storage capacitor applications.
Keywords:
BCT
perovskite structure
dielectric properties
DC resistivity
energy-storage
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