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Influence of reinforcement methods on the seismic response and energy evolution of high-fill embankment on sloping terrain
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DOI：10.1007/s10518-026-02609-3.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
In this study, shaking table tests were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of high-fill embankments on sloping terrain under three configurations: unreinforced (UR), geogrid-reinforced (GR), and composite-reinforced (CR, combining geogrids with anti-slide piles). The seismic response and failure mode were compared based on dynamic characteristics such as experimental phenomena, acceleration, displacement and soil pressure. Furthermore, the damage evolution of energy was explored using wavelet packet decomposition, and the energy transfer ratio (ETR) was introduced to assess the sliding behavior at the interface. The results showed the UR model showed progressive surface collapse and deep sliding at the slope toe during seismic loading. Geogrids effectively restricted the embankment’s horizontal displacement. Compared with the UR model, at 0.7 g PGA, the GR model reduced the horizontal residual displacement by 56%. However, the GR model faced a higher risk of interface sliding under high seismic excitation. It developed tensile cracks (24 mm in depth) at the subgrade-overburden interface after 0.7 g. In the CR model, the anti-slide piles transferred seismic thrust to stable strata, preventing the overall sliding of the upper embankment soil. The depth of its tensile cracks was 33% less than that of GR model, demonstrating better seismic performance. Meanwhile, the reduction in natural frequency and energy amplification factor (EAF) of GR and CR models with rising earthquake magnitude was smaller than that of UR model, which further highlighted the seismic performance enhancement effect of reinforcement measures. These findings inform high-fill embankment on slope terrain reinforcement strategies for the prevention and control of seismic failure.
Keywords:
Shaking table test
High-fill embankment
Damage mechanisms
Wavelet packet energy analysis
Reinforcement method
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