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Innovative processing, microscopic properties, and entropy manipulation in refractory high entropy alloys

delete2026-02-23
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PRE
AI
Z
Zhiqi Zhu *
I
Irfan Ayoub
J
Jia Yi Yin
Z
Zhiqin Zhu
X
Xu Gao
V
Vijay Kumar
Z
Ziming Cai *
王南南 (Nannan Wang) *
S
Santosh K. Tiwari *
DOI:10.1080/10408436.2026.2624851delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
High-entropy alloys are metallic alloys composed of five or more principal elements in near-equiatomic ratios. Among them, refractory high-entropy alloys serve as the backbone of heavy engineering applications operating in extreme environments. These materials are crucial for advanced aerospace, defense, marine turbine blades, nuclear reactors, combustion chambers, and biomedical implants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of refractory high entropy alloys, covering alloying methods, entropy manipulation, the impact of composition, thermo-mechanical properties, defect structures, and surface morphology based on experimental and theoretical tools. Herein, a special focus is given to factors responsible for failure and limitations in processing. In addition, we explore the key parameters influencing their macroscopic and microscopic properties using various microscopic, spectroscopic, and mechanical parameters. The real-world applications of refractory high-entropy alloys in heavy engineering, aerospace, biomedical, etc. are carefully discussed, emphasizing their superior mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. To enhance clarity, several flowcharts, schematic diagrams, and scientific images are incorporated, providing a detailed understanding of these advanced materials. Therefore, this review aims to bridge the gap between fundamental research and industrial applications, offering valuable insights into the potential of refractory high-entropy alloys for emerging technologies.
Keywords:
Alloy design strategies
processing techniques
microstructure
phase behavior
high-temperature material performance

Journal

C
Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences
IF:
8.9
Papers:
380
Citations:
3.2K

Organization

G
Guangxi University
Scholars:
4.1K
Papers: 1.3K
Citations: 3.2W
C
central south university
Scholars:
1.7W
Papers: 5.0K
Citations: 3
B
beijing jiaotong university
Scholars:
1.7K
Papers: 689
Citations: 0
I
indian institute of technology bombay
Scholars:
749
Papers: 308
Citations: 0
N
national institute of technology srinagar
Scholars:
58
Papers: 32
Citations: 0
G
guangxi university
Scholars:
3.2W
Papers: 1.8W
Citations: 25
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