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Insect adenosine receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and structure–function
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DOI：10.1093/aesa/saag020.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Adenosine is an extracellular metabolite whose signaling roles span energy management, neurobiology, immune defense, and environmental stress responses across metazoans. In insects, these effects are coordinated through a single adenosine receptor (AdoR), a G protein–coupled receptor that integrates diverse physiological processes typically mediated by four receptor subtypes in mammals. Since the last major review of insect adenosine signaling appeared in 2019, research activity in this area has intensified and diversified across species, tissues, and scientific questions. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster, honey bees, lepidopteran pests, locusts, and multiple parasitoid–host systems now demonstrate that extracellular adenosine controls systemic metabolism during infection, modulates sleep and neuronal resilience, influences stem cell behavior in the gut, affects foraging performance in pollinators, and can be exploited by pathogens to manipulate host immunity. At the same time, pharmacological studies have revealed a suite of agonists, antagonists, and adenosine analogs with insect-specific potencies, including compounds with insecticidal activity. Increasing genomic resources have produced more than 50 putative insect AdoR sequences and enabled phylogenetic and structural comparisons with vertebrate receptors, identifying conserved GPCR features alongside uniquely insect-specific domains. This review synthesizes these physiological, pharmacological, and structural insights into a coherent framework. By integrating findings across taxa and levels of biological organization, we highlight emerging themes in insect adenosine signaling and identify opportunities to leverage AdoR biology for both fundamental and applied research.
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