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Integrated electrocoagulation, adsorption, and biological treatment for detergent wastewater purification: efficiency evaluation
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DOI：10.1007/s13762-026-07345-4.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Since wastewater contaminated with detergents has a high organic load and complex chemical composition, it poses significant environmental risks if discharged without adequate treatment. Conventional treatment methods often fail to sufficiently remove such pollutants, highlighting the need for integrated and effective approaches. In the present study, the performance of a combined electrocoagulation, biological, and adsorption treatment system was evaluated for the purification of detergent-containing wastewater. Electrocoagulation was optimized by systematically investigating contact time (2–12 min), pH (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11), applied voltage (5, 7, and 9 V), and electrode spacing (1 and 2 cm) to determine optimal conditions. Under optimal conditions (pH 7, voltage 7 V, electrode spacing 1 cm, contact time 12 min), a maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency of 81.9% was achieved. Although 15 V was applied in preliminary tests to assess contact time effects, it was excluded from detailed optimization due to higher energy consumption and lower efficiency. Subsequent biological treatment using municipal activated sludge further enhanced effluent quality, stabilizing COD removal at 87% after seven days. A final polishing step using granular activated carbon increased the overall cumulative COD removal efficiency to 93.7%, despite gradual performance decline due to adsorbent saturation. Direct surfactant measurements showed that detergent concentration decreased from approximately 1100 mg/L to 42 mg/L in the final effluent, confirming substantial removal. Overall, the sequential integration of these processes provides a sustainable and efficient approach for treating detergent-laden wastewater.
Keywords:
Detergent wastewater
Electrocoagulation
Biological treatment
COD removal
Wastewater treatment optimization
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