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Intermix-free Liquid Electrolyte-based High-energy Na-ion Bipolar Batteries
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DOI：10.1039/D6TA03461F.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Electrolyte intermixing in bipolar Na-ion batteries is a significant challenge; particularly with liquid electrolytes; which can lead to short-circuiting and performance loss. Solid-state or gel electrolytes can mitigate this issue; however; interfacial resistance; limited utilization of the active materials; and cell dead mass have adversely affected performance. Thus; it is of paramount importance to mitigate liquid-electrolyte intermixing and increase the areal loading to achieve higher energy density at the cell level. Here; we report an electrolyte intermix-free high-energy Na-ion bipolar battery. To demonstrate the operation of bipolar cells; thermoplastic polyolefin wax is used to seal the cell and prevent intermixing of the liquid electrolytes. The bipolar electrode; i.e.; Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ; is utilized due to the reversible oxidation/reduction of V 2+ /V 3+ and V 3+ /V 4+ states. A high material loading of approximately 25 mg/cm² is used to increase the energy density and demonstrate the industrial feasibility of the Na-ion bipolar battery. The liquid electrolyte-tosolid content is optimized to ~1 µL/mg; yielding an energy density of ~180 Wh/kg. The bipolar battery achieves a high round-trip efficiency of over 90% and retains more than 94% of its capacity after 100 cycles. We believe that the present findings are critical and may pave the way forward for the development of high-energy Na-ion bipolar batteries.
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