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Irreversibility analysis in MHD flow of reactive ternary hybrid nanofluids through a thermally radiative porous microchannel with variable viscosity and asymmetric boundary conditions
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DOI：10.1016/j.jppr.2026.05.005.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The present investigation presents a detailed qualitative computational analysis of the flow and thermodynamic behaviour of a Ternary-Hybrid-NanoFluid (THNF). The THNF, a mixture of water (the base fluid) with three types of nanoparticles, namely; Molybdenum Disulfide ( MoS2 ); Silver (Ag); and Titanium Dioxide ( TiO2 ) is assumed to have temperature dependent viscosity. The flow of the THNF is confined within a long horizontal microchannel and hence is assumed to be fully developed in the axial flow direction. The walls of the microchannel are assumed to be permeable, allowing for injection/suction flow in the vertical upward direction. Additionally, the microchannel is packed with a porous medium. The flow within the microchannel is subjected to a transverse magnetic field, thermal radiation, and exothermic reactions. A robust and efficient Semi-Implicit Finite Difference Algorithm (SIFDA) with demonstrable mesh-size and timestep-size convergence is employed to solve the resultant coupled system nonlinear governing equations in non-dimensional form. Qualitative results are given with respect to the dependence of solutions on the embedded dimensionless fluid-dynamical and thermophysical parameters. The main qualitative insights from the results include the following. THNFs offer better mitigation against the thermal runaway phenomena than either hybrid nanofluids or ordinary nanofluids. Both the flow velocity and THNF temperature decrease with increasing magnetic field strength. Similarly, both the flow velocity and THNF temperature decrease with increasing porous medium strength. The behaviour of the entropy generation at the walls with regards to variations in magnetic field and porous media strength mirrors that of the flow velocity and fluid temperature, specifically, the entropy generation decreases at the walls with increasing magnetic field strength or with increasing porous medium strength. In general, the qualitative behaviour of the flow velocity mirrors that of the THNF temperature, they either both increase or both decrease in response to increases in the values of the embedded parameters. The qualitative behaviour of the wall shear stress (and hence also of the entropy at the wall) mirrors that of the flow velocity. Similarly, the qualitative behaviour of the wall heat transfer rate (and hence also of the entropy at the wall) mirrors that of the THNF temperature.
Keywords:
Horizontal porous channel
Ternary nanofluid
Porous media
Unsteady MHD flow
Entropy generation
Bejan number
Navier slip
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