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Is it a man’s wor(l)d? The effect of linguistic gender-marking on female entrepreneurship: Micro-Level evidence
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DOI：10.1016/j.jwb.2026.101744.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Some languages require speakers to grammatically attend to and mark gender, whereas others do not. Recent studies document that this linguistic distinction is associated with gender differences in economic outcomes. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between gender marking in language and women’s attitudes and involvement in entrepreneurial activity. Using a large individual-level survey dataset, we find that the intensity of gender marking in language is positively related to women’s entry into entrepreneurship. This effect is driven by necessity-based entrepreneurial motivations: high prevalence of sex-based discrimination in the labor market in countries with gender-intensive languages leads women to enter entrepreneurship. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests.
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