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Is the ΛCDM Model in Crisis?
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DOI：10.1016/j.jheap.2025.100507.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
We present strong evidences for dynamical dark energy challenging the ΛCDM model. Several dark energy models are explored, including ω0ωaCDM, logarithmic, Exponential, JBP, and BA, along with non-flat cosmological models accounting also for potential spatial curvature different from zero. Through our analysis, we find evidences supporting a flat Universe ( Ωk≈0). Using the Metropolis-Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, we analyze observational data from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations of DESI DR2, Type Ia Supernovae, and Compressed CMB likelihood to constrain the parameters of these models. Our findings provide strong evidences that ω≠−1, with deviations from the ΛCDM model favoring dynamical dark energy models characterized by the Quintom-B scenario ( ω0>−1, ωa<0, and ω0+ωa<−1). We also derive the upper bounds on ∑mν using the combination of CMB and DESI DR2 data. For the ΛCDM model, we find ∑mν<0.066eV, while for ωCDM, it is ∑mν<0.075eV. In the oΛCDM and oωCDM models, the limits are ∑mν<0.263eV and ∑mν<0.520eV, respectively. For other models, including ω0ωaCDM, Logarithmic, Exponential, JBP, BA, and GEDE, the upper limits range from <0.043eV to <0.127eV, depending on the model. Constraints on the effective number of relativistic species, Neff, show that our results remain consistent with the standard value of Neff=3.044 for each dark energy model. Bayesian evidence shows that combining the DES-SN5Y and Union3 SNe Ia samples with CMB + DESI DR2 reveals a deviation from the ΛCDM model. Finally, we found that none of the models reach the 5σ threshold of deviation from ΛCDM, but some models show tensions exceeding 3σ with DES-SN5YR or Union3, indicating we are starting to see the cracks in the cosmological constant Λ.
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