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Joint Optimization Design for Fluid Antenna Empowered RIS-Aided Symbiotic Radio Systems
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DOI：10.1109/tcomm.2026.3714289.png)
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Abstract
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This paper investigates a novel uplink symbiotic radio (SR) system that integrates reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and fluid antenna (FA) technologies. In this system, the FA provides flexible spatial access, while the RIS enhances signal reception quality via passive reflection without additional power consumption. The RIS assists the transmission from user equipment (UE) to the base station (BS) and concurrently embeds its own information through backscatter modulation. Meanwhile, the FA dynamically adjusts its position within a limited region to exploit spatial diversity and reinforce both direct and reflected links. We consider both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) and develop tailored optimization strategies. For perfect CSI, a two-stage optimization framework is proposed to jointly optimize the FA position, RIS phase shifts, and receive combining vector. For imperfect CSI, we design a robust scheme based on an online successive convex approximation (SCA) method to mitigate the impact of estimation uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed FA-RIS-SR system significantly outperforms RIS-aided systems with fixed-position antennas (FPA) and backscatter-only systems with either FA or FPA, in terms of weighted sum rate. Moreover, the performance gain from dynamic FA adaptation is more pronounced under low channel estimation error levels than under perfect CSI.
Keywords:
Joint optimization
symbiotic radio system
reconfigurable intelligent surface
fluid antenna
imperfect channel estimation
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