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Large-Scale 3D Observation of Microstructure Around Heat-Affected Zone Using 3D Internal Structure Microscopy
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DOI：10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.013.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This study demonstrated a large-scale and fine-resolution 3D observation method and its application to a heat-affected zone (HAZ) in welded steel. The HAZ properties differ from those of the base steel through welding, wherein coarsened grains, associated with degraded toughness, show a gradual size transition on the micrometer scale within millimeter-sized regions and therefore necessitate broad and fine imaging. The proposed three-dimensional (3D) observation method is based on 3D internal structure microscopy. The method entails an automatic serial-sectioning approach that employs precision cutting, etching, and tiling imaging. Precision cutting enables stable sectioning with submicrometer accuracy and higher efficiency compared to polishing methods. A steel sample that includes a weld material, HAZ, and base material, was observed through 440 cross-sections. The imaged data covered a volume of 9,735 × 3,707 × 440 μm3, comprising 32,999 × 12,565 × 440 voxels, each having a size of 0.295 μm × 0.295 μm × 1.0 μm. Furthermore, fine structures were observed in lateral cross-sectional views, confirming depth continuity without misalignment and demonstrating the reconstruction quality. Moreover, the data exhibited a gradual reduction in prior-austenite grain size within the HAZ. Additionally, 3D morphology analysis, including Gaussian curvature, captured shape descriptors beyond grain size. Anisotropic features, such as ferrite side plates were reconstructed in 3D, clarifying their plate-like continuity, which can appears needle-like in 2D. Overall, the proposed method enables efficient large-scale 3D characterization, providing a broadly applicable framework for evaluating nonuniform microstructures over millimeter-scale regions.
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