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Learning Improvement Heuristics for Solving Routing Problems..
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DOI：10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3068828.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Recent studies in using deep learning (DL) to solve routing problems focus on construction heuristics, whose solutions are still far from optimality. Improvement heuristics have great potential to narrow this gap by iteratively refining a solution. However, classic improvement heuristics are all guided by handcrafted rules that may limit their performance. In this article, we propose a deep reinforcement learning framework to learn the improvement heuristics for routing problems. We design a self-attention-based deep architecture as the policy network to guide the selection of the next solution. We apply our method to two important routing problems, i.e., the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). Experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art DL-based approaches. The learned policies are more effective than the traditional handcrafted ones and can be further enhanced by simple diversifying strategies. Moreover, the policies generalize well to different problem sizes, initial solutions, and even real-world data set.
Keywords:
Routing
Heuristic algorithms
Vehicle routing
Traveling salesman problems
Training
Task analysis
Search problems
Heuristic algorithms
learning (artificial intelligence)
mathematical programming
neural networks
vehicle routing
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