Learning never stops: Improving software vulnerability type identification via incremental learning

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2025.112544

Learning never stops: Improving software vulnerability type identification via incremental learning

2025-07-05

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DOI：10.1016/j.jss.2025.112544

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As new vulnerabilities are continuously discovered, software vulnerability type identification (SVTI) data is dynamic. Moreover, SVTI data often exhibits a long-tailed distribution, where some vulnerability types (i.e., head classes) have numerous samples, while rare ones (i.e., tail classes) have very few. These issues present challenges for SVTI, such as catastrophic forgetting when learning new data and poor performance for rare vulnerability types. To address these challenges, we propose an approach VulTypeIL. Specifically, for incremental learning, we employ a hybrid replay strategy and a regularization strategy with EWC to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting issue. We also integrate focal loss and label smooth cross-entropy loss to tackle the long-tailed distribution issue. For model construction, we customize the verbalizer and hybrid prompt by fusing the Vulnerability code and description. Then, we perform prompt tuning on the pre-trained model CodeT5. To evaluate the effectiveness of VulTypeIL, we construct a large-scale SVTI dataset containing 6,269 vulnerabilities from 992 real-world projects. Our experimental results demonstrate that VulTypeIL outperforms state-of-the-art baselines (such as VulExplainer and LIVABLE) with a significant improvement. The ablation studies further confirm the effectiveness of key component settings (such as the incremental learning setting and long-tailed learning setting) in our approach.

Learning never stops: Improving software vulnerability type identification via incremental learning

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