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LEO-DOS Absorbed Dose Observations During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm
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DOI：10.1029/2025GL121591.png)
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Abstract
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The Low-Earth Orbit Space Radiation Dosimeter (LEO-DOS) onboard Next-Generation Satellite II (NEXTSat-2) measured absorbed dose rate variations during the May 2024 geomagnetic superstorm. The observations show deep storm-time penetration of solar energetic particle (SEP) spanning L ≈ 2–10, a pronounced enhancement near L ≈ 3 consistent with storm-related electron belt formation, and a rapid decrease in inner-belt proton dose rates near L ≈ 2 following storm onset. L-shell-resolved profiles, geographic dose rate maps, and the dose-to-flux (D/F) ratio collectively track the temporal evolution of source-dependent contributions throughout the event. The superstorm drove a sustained and global reorganization of the LEO radiation environment, with deep SEP access, enhanced outer-belt electrons, and rapid inner belt proton loss occurring nearly simultaneously. Because absorbed dose rate directly reflects energy deposition in shielding and tissue-equivalent materials, LEO-DOS measurements complement flux-based analyses and enable a radiation-hazard-oriented interpretation of storm-time belt restructuring.
Keywords:
LEO-DOS
geomagnetic superstorm
absorbed dose rate
solar energetic particles
radiation environment
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