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Leveraging blade virtual morphing to enhance torque during start-up of H-Darrieus turbines
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DOI：10.1177/0309524X261423427.png)
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Abstract
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Small-scale H-Darrieus turbine (HDT) often struggles to reach self-sustained power producing speed due to low start-up torque. Low torque is sometimes manifested in the form of torque plateau or 'dead band'. To improve torque development, turbine design variables such as blade chord-to-radius ratio (c/r) and solidity (sigma) play critical role. To understand the effect of c/r only, this study analyses turbines with identical sigma but different c/r using unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results show that larger c/r enhances torque by influencing the leading-edge flow and vortex formation and convection. Two mechanisms are identified: (i) amplification of the variation of incidence angle along blade chord, effectively acting as aerofoil-camber morphing, and (ii) high blade pitch rate effect, especially at low lambda (<1) where intra-cycle pitching is significant. These findings highlight the sensitivity of torque generation to c/r, offering design guidance for improving HDT start-up performance.
Keywords:
dead band
H-Darrieus turbine
NACA0021
self-start
start-up
vertical axis turbine
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