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Li2S/C/SnS2 Composite-Based Cathode Material for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
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DOI：10.1039/D5YA00206K.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The rapid developments in portable electronic devices; electric vehicles; and smart grids are driving the need for high-energy (>500 Wh kg−1) rechargeable batteries. Lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S) are of interest due to their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1 or 2800 Wh L−1); but their commercialisation is restricted by several technical challenges; including the use of the highly reactive lithium metal anode. Using Li2S as the cathode to couple with Li-free anodes; such as Si and intermetallic alloys; presents a realistic approach to avoiding the safety issues associated with metallic lithium. However; the low electrochemical activity of Li2S and the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) prevent the realization of high capacity and good cyclic performance. The usual Li2S/carbon (C) composite cathode suffers gradual capacity fading over long-term cycling due to irreversible LiPS migration in lithium-sulfur batteries. Although the presence of C in the cathode composite provides a conductive path to utilize the active material; the irreversible migration of LiPS still exists. In this work; we introduce a polar SnS2 additive in the cathode composite (Li2S/C) via a highly scalable ball milling method to adsorb LiPS. The Li2S/C/SnS2 composite acts as a restriction for LiPS by chemisorption and provides a physical for LiPS shuttling. We have synthesized three types of cathode composites with different weight percentages of C and SnS2 while keeping the amount of Li2S constant; and studied their electrochemical performance in characteristic cells. We found that the Li2S/C(20%)/SnS2(5%) composite shows a high initial capacity of 711 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and retains a capacity of around 400 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. In comparison; the Li2S/C(25%) composite delivered a capacity that was 100 mAhg−1 less than that of the Li2S/C(20%)/SnS2(5%) composite after 100 cycles. The approach and design presented in this work could lead to the development of effective shuttle suppression material additives for future Li-S.
Keywords:
lithium-sulfur batteries
Li2S cathode
lithium polysulfides shuttling
SnS2 additive
carbon composite
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