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LiCoO2 particle breakage and reaction enhancement in hydrogen reduction for recycling spent lithium batteries
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刘
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C
赵
Y
H
DOI：10.1016/j.psep.2026.108892.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
With the substantial increase in the number of retired lithium batteries, it is imperative to develop an efficient and eco-friendly technology for recovering valuable metals. In hydrogen reduction for metal recovery from spent batteries, the structural instability of particles is often regarded as a disadvantage, yet its potential contribution to reaction kinetics remains largely unexplored. This study innovatively constructs particle friability as a reduction enhancing mechanism. By integrating experiments with CFD-DEM coupled numerical simulations based on the Ab-T10 breakage model, it systematically reveals bidirectional synergistic mechanism between breakage behavior and reduction reactions. Experimental results indicate that particle breakage during fluidization primarily manifests as surface attrition and penetrating fracture. Mechanical stress contributes at least 50% to particle breakage, serving as the direct driving force. Chemical stress contribution increases from 2% initially to 34% later, acting as the key internal factor leading to structural instability. Furthermore, breakage behavior significantly enhances reduction kinetics, particles subjected to breakage achieve a conversion rate of nearly 100% at 800 degrees C and reach 78% within 30 min. This effectively confirms the significant interaction between LiCoO2 particles breakage and the reduction process. In addition, CFD-DEM numerical simulations successfully reproduce the non-uniform collision characteristics and breakage process within the fluidized bed. The types of generated fines and fluidization states observed in the simulation were highly consistent with experimental data, thereby validating the reliability of the model. This research elucidates the interaction mechanism of reduction reaction induced breakage and breakage enhanced reduction during fluidized reduction. It demonstrates that particle breakage enables efficient conversion of LiCoO2 into metallic Co and Li2O, providing a critical quantitative basis and theoretical support for the optimal design of next-generation spent battery reduction reactors.
Keywords:
Hydrogen reduction
Recycling spent Lithium batteries
Particle Breakage
CFD-DEM
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