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Liposomal glutathione outperforms plain glutathione in uptake; cell regeneration and systemic availability: evidence from cellular and human models
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DOI：10.1017/S0007114526106254.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Glutathione is a key intracellular antioxidant involved in redox balance; detoxification and immune support. However; oral glutathione supplementation is limited by poor bioavailability due to gastrointestinal degradation and low membrane permeability. Liposomal formulations offer a promising strategy to enhance delivery and therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to compare the biological activity and systemic availability of a novel liposomal glutathione formulation (LipoDuo™ Glutathione) with plain glutathione using both in vitro cellular models and in vivo human pharmacokinetic evaluation. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were treated with LipoDuo™ or plain glutathione to assess intracellular uptake; optimal dosing; cell proliferation and wound healing. In a parallel-arm; open-label human study; twelve healthy subjects (n 6 per group) received a single oral dose of either LipoDuo™ or plain glutathione (1 g); and plasma glutathione levels were monitored over 24 h using LC-MS/MS. Uptake: LipoDuo™ demonstrated ∼1·9-fold higher cellular uptake than plain glutathione; peaking at 6 h (45 % v. 23 %). Proliferation: LipoDuo™ increased cell proliferation by up to 3-fold over control; superior to plain glutathione. Wound healing: LipoDuo™ achieved 100 % closure at 24 h; v. 59·8 % for plain glutathione. Pharmacokinetics: LipoDuo™ achieved a maximum plasma concentration of ∼1800 ng/ml (6× higher than plain); showed a bimodal absorption pattern and maintained plasma levels > 500 ng/ml at 24 h. LipoDuo™ Glutathione significantly improves cellular delivery; biological activity and systemic bioavailability compared with conventional glutathione. Its bimodal distribution and prolonged plasma retention position it as a next-generation antioxidant supplement with clinical potential in oxidative stress management; skin health and metabolic recovery.
Keywords:
culture
Glutathione
Human embryonic kidney 293T
LipoDuo™
Spectral
maximum plasma concentration
Clinical Trials Registry of India
human embryonic kidney 293T cells
time to reach maximum concentration
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3
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Cited Papers