.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Long-range tropospheric transport of uranium and plutonium weapons fallout from Semipalatinsk nuclear test site to Norway
.png){kind=icon}
OA
AI
DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.017.png)
.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
A combination of state-of-the-art isotopic fingerprinting techniques and atmospheric transport modelling using real-time historical meteorological data has been used to demonstrate direct tropospheric transport of radioactive debris from specific nuclear detonations at the Semipalatinsk test site in Kazakhstan to Norway via large areas of Europe. A selection of archived air filters collected at ground level at 9 stations in Norway during the most intensive atmospheric nuclear weapon testing periods (1957-1958 and 1961-1962) has been screened for radioactive particles and analysed with respect to the concentrations and atom ratios of plutonium (Pu) and uranium (U) using accelerator mass spectrometry CAMS). Digital autoradiography screening demonstrated the presence of radioactive particles in the filters. Concentrations of U-236 (0.17-23 nBq m(-3)) and (239) + Pu-249 (1.3-782 mu Bq m(-3)) as well as the atom ratios Pu-240/Pu-239 (0.0517-0.237) and U-236/Pu-239 (0.0188-0.7) varied widely indicating several different sources. Filter samples from autumn and winter tended to have lower atom ratios than those sampled in spring and summer, and this likely reflects a tropospheric influence in months with little stratospheric fallout. Very high U-236, (239) + (PU)-P-240 and gross beta activity concentrations as well as low Pu-240/Pu-239 (0.0517-0.077), (PU)-P-241/(PU)-P-239 (0.00025-0.00062) and U-236/Pu-239 (0.0188-0.046) atom ratios, characteristic of close-in and tropospheric fallout, were observed in filters collected at all stations in Nov 1962, 7-12 days after three low-yield detonations at Semipalatinsk (Kazakhstan). Atmospheric transport modelling (NOAA HYSPLIT_4) using real-time meteorological data confirmed that long range transport of radionuclides, and possibly radioactive particles, from Semipalatinsk to Norway during this period was plausible. The present work shows that direct tropospheric transport of fallout from atmospheric nuclear detonations periodically may have had much larger influence on radionuclide air concentrations and deposition than previously anticipated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Atmospheric dispersion modelling
Source identification
Plutonium
Uranium-236
Atom ratio
AI Summary
Key information extracted from the uploaded paper, including a brief overview, abstract, background, key highlights, visual analysis, and future outlook.
Journal
IF:
9.7
Papers:
9.8K
Citations:
7.0W
View more organizations