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Long-term outdoor testing of vortex generators for passive PV module cooling
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DOI：10.1016/j.solener.2024.112610.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Reducing the operation temperature of photovoltaic (PV) modules will allow prolonging their service time and energy output. This work investigated a passive PV module cooling technique by attaching vortex generators (VGs) on the rear surface of PV modules. The rectangular wing VGs of size 2 x 3 cm, are made from aluminium sheet (Al VG) or 3D printed thermally conductive polymer (Poly VG). After ten months of data collection on an open rack system, we have gained insight into the wind speed- and direction-dependent performance of the Al and Poly VGs. The pronounced difference in thermal conductivity of the two materials helps distinguish cooling due to vortex generation, predominant at low wind speeds, from the heat sink effect, prevalent at higher wind speeds. Despite being optimised for free convection, both VGs demonstrated 1.5 degrees C of cooling under low wind and high irradiance, while Al VGs provided 2.5 degrees C of cooling under high module temperature and windy scenarios. Both VGs exhibit equivalent performance with south and west winds, indicating the dominance of the vortex generation mechanism. The module equipped with VGs exhibited an increase in convective heat transfer coefficient as evaluated by the thermal balance model.
Keywords:
Passive cooling
PV module
Vortex generators
Outdoor testing
Thermal analysis
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