Low-Complexity Approximate Convolutional Neural Networks

doi:10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2815435

Low-Complexity Approximate Convolutional Neural Networks

2018-12-01

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DOI：10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2815435

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In this paper, we present an approach for minimizing the computational complexity of the trained convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). The idea is to approximate all elements of a given ConvNet and replace the original convolutional filters and parameters (pooling and bias coefficients; and activation function) with an efficient approximations capable of extreme reductions in computational complexity. Low-complexity convolution filters are obtained through a binary (zero and one) linear programming scheme based on the Frobenius norm over sets of dyadic rationals. The resulting matrices allow for multiplication-free computations requiring only addition and bit-shifting operations. Such low-complexity structures pave the way for low power, efficient hardware designs. We applied our approach on three use cases of different complexities: 1) a light but efficient ConvNet for face detection (with around 1000 parameters); 2) another one for hand-written digit classification (with more than 180000 parameters); and 3) a significantly larger ConvNet: AlexNet with approximate to 1.2 million matrices. We evaluated the overall performance on the respective tasks for different levels of approximations. In all considered applications, very low-complexity approximations have been derived maintaining an almost equal classification performance.

Keywords:

Approximation

convolutional neural networks (ConvNets)

numerical computation

optimization

Low-Complexity Approximate Convolutional Neural Networks

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