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Low-Latency Secure Data Sharing in IoV: A Smart Contract-Based Framework With Parallel Outsourced Computing
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DOI：10.1109/JIOT.2025.3645578.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the need for reliable real-time communication and secure data sharing has become increasingly critical. However, existing solutions struggle with high computational demands and limited vehicle processing capability. While attribute-based encryption (ABE) enables fine-grained data sharing, its high decryption overhead requires outsourcing to roadside units (RSUs), which introduces reliability risks such as ciphertext decryption errors, threatening system integrity. To address these issues, we propose a smart contract-based data sharing framework with parallel outsourced computing in IoV. Unlike most existing outsourced ABE (OABE) schemes that rely on serial decryption and lack robust parallel verification, and blockchain-integrated approaches that focus on general trust without tailored parallelism, our system uniquely combines MapReduce-based parallel decryption (dividing RSU tasks into distributed map and reduce stages) with a ciphertext verification mechanism (achieving 99.95% error detection with under 2% communication overhead) and smart contracts for auto-auditing (2 blocks, 0.003 ETH cost, preventing 98.7% malicious behaviors). Blockchain integration ensures service quality guarantees by providing accountability and ensuring that computation results are auditable, with responsible parties held accountable. Experiments and SUMO simulations show that our system maintains a decryption time of nearly 1 s with 100 attributes, improving by 1.6 s over serial decryption, while reducing transformation key generation complexity from $O(n)$ to $O(1)$ . These results confirm that our system achieves efficient data sharing with computational correctness and security in IoV.
Keywords:
Attribute-based encryption (ABE)
data sharing
Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
parallel outsourced decryption
verifiable computation
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