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Low-Threshold Red Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers With a Highly Asymmetric Hybrid Cladding Layers and a Bottom Distributed Bragg Reflector
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DOI：10.1109/jstqe.2026.3710746.png)
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Abstract
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In this study, we designed and fabricated red photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSEL) with a highly asymmetric AlInGaP/AlGaAs hybrid cladding structure to simultaneously improve the optical field overlap with the quantum well and photonic crystal slab in the p-cladding layer. Coupled-wave analysis suggested that the lasing occurs at the A-mode at the second band edge on the Γ point. In experiments, the threshold pumping power density is as low as 444 kW/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>, and the lasing peak is observed at a current injection around 0.8 kA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for symmetric circular holes. Those with right-isosceles-triangle holes possess an increased threshold and a higher slope beyond threshold. The single-mode and low-threshold nature of the PCSEL structure enables a tunable lasing wavelength range from 625 nm to 660 nm by varying the lattice constant on the same epitaxial wafer.
Keywords:
Photonic crystal
PCSEL
AlInGaP
AlGaAs
laser diodes
asymmetric cladding
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