Machine Learning Based Restaurant Sales Forecasting

doi:10.3390/make4010006

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Machine Learning Based Restaurant Sales Forecasting

2022-01-30

Austin B. Schmidt

Md Wasi Ul Kabir

Md Tamjidul Hoque *

DOI：10.3390/make4010006

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Abstract

En 中文

To encourage proper employee scheduling for managing crew load, restaurants need accurate sales forecasting. This paper proposes a case study on many machine learning (ML) models using real-world sales data from a mid-sized restaurant. Trendy recurrent neural network (RNN) models are included for direct comparison to many methods. To test the effects of trend and seasonality, we generate three different datasets to train our models with and to compare our results. To aid in forecasting, we engineer many features and demonstrate good methods to select an optimal sub-set of highly correlated features. We compare the models based on their performance for forecasting time steps of one-day and one-week over a curated test dataset. The best results seen in one-day forecasting come from linear models with a sMAPE of only 19.6%. Two RNN models, LSTM and TFT, and ensemble models also performed well with errors less than 20%. When forecasting one-week, non-RNN models performed poorly, giving results worse than 20% error. RNN models extended better with good sMAPE scores giving 19.5% in the best result. The RNN models performed worse overall on datasets with trend and seasonality removed, however many simpler ML models performed well when linearly separating each training instance.

Keywords:

recurrent neural networks

transformers

TFT

LSTM

GRU

forecasting

restaurant sales prediction

time series analysis

multi-horizon forecasting