Machine Learning Methods for RSS-Based User Positioning in Distributed Massive MIMO

K. N. R. Surya Vara Prasad

doi:10.1109/TWC.2018.2876832

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Machine Learning Methods for RSS-Based User Positioning in Distributed Massive MIMO

2018-12-01

PRE

K. N. R. Surya Vara Prasad *

Ekram Hossain

Vijay K. Bhargava

DOI：10.1109/TWC.2018.2876832

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Abstract

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We propose a supervised machine learning (ML) approach based on Gaussian process (GP) regression to position users in a distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DM-MIMO) system from their uplink received signal strength (RSS). The proposed approach serves as a proof-of-concept that we can localize users by training an ML model with noise-free RSS and using the trained model to estimate the test user locations from their noisy RSS. We consider two GP methods for localization, namely, the conventional GP (CGP) and the numerical approximation GP (NaGP). We find that the CGP provides unrealistically small 2 sigma error-bars on the location estimates. Therefore, we derive the true predictive distribution and employ NaGP to obtain realistic 2 sigma error-bars on the location estimates. Next, we derive a Bayesian Cramer-Rao lower hound (BCRLB) on the root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) performance of the two GP methods. Numerical studies reveal that: 1) the NaGP indeed provides realistic 2 sigma error-bars on the estimated locations; 2) both the CGP and NaGP achieve RMSEs that are close to the BCRLBs; 3) the presence of correlated shadowing improves the RMSE performance; and 4) extrapolation to the zero input noise scenario can significantly improve the RMSE achieved by the NaGP.

Keywords:

Massive MIMO

localization

machine learning (ML)

Gaussian process (GP) regression

Cramer-Rao bounds

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