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Maize root-soil microbial interactions and their effects on soil health and yield
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DOI：10.55730/1300-011X.3235.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
In agroecosystems, interactions between maize root systems and soil microbes have significant effects on soil health and plant yield. To quantitatively assess the impact of this mutualism, this study used field experiments and soil analysis methods to analyze the effects of different sludge applications on soil physicochemical properties and microbial activity. The experiments were performed in a controlled trial with different sludge treatment gradients. The results showed that the sludge-applied soil exhibited positive changes in structure and biological activity compared to the control. The mass fraction of soil macroaggregates increased after sludge treatment from 48.9% to 51.1% with application of the highest treatment gradient. Infrared spectral analysis reflected an enhancement in the intensity of the absorption peak of hydroxyl functional groups at 3617 cm(-1), and this enhancement was particularly significant at the treatment rate of 150 t/ha. Further analysis showed that changes in microbial activity varied among soil aggregates of different sizes, with a mild enhancement of microbial activity in aggregates of 0.25-2 mm and a significant enhancement of microbial activity in aggregates larger than 2 mm. The proportion of gram-positive bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was higher in macroaggregates than in microaggregates and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Soil treatments with the addition of maize residues did not induce a significant distinction in microbial composition between macroaggregates and microaggregates, implying that the response of soil microorganisms to root additions was predominantly nonselective. The trend of microbial assimilation of carbon in low-fertility soils after the addition of maize roots was similar to that of high-fertility soils and a peak was observed at day 60 with significant variation among time points. The findings of this study have important practical implications for promoting the scientific development of soil management strategies and optimizing maize production practices.
Keywords:
Maize root system
soil microorganisms
mutualistic mechanisms
soil health
crop yield
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