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Making occupation and energy apartheid bankable: How European Union green hydrogen standards reproduce sovereignty theft in Palestine
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DOI：10.1016/j.erss.2025.104522.png)
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Abstract
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European Union green hydrogen standards promise climate leadership through technical rigor. But what happens when these standards operate in occupied territories where one party controls another's access to water, land, and economic development? This paper examines how European Union renewable fuel regulations function in occupied Palestine. We analyze two proposed Palestinian hydrogen projects—one abandoned, one financed—alongside nine projects in Morocco, Jordan, and Egypt. We show that projects become financially viable in Palestine by designing around occupation rather than confronting it. Success requires treating Israeli military control over Palestinian water, movement, and infrastructure as permanent technical constraints rather than violations demanding remedy.
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