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Matrix-dependent degradation kinetics and impurity fingerprinting of cannabidiol (CBD) in polymeric and lipid preservation systems
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DOI：10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117464.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive terpenophenolic compound derived from Cannabis sativa, exhibits broad-spectrum pharmacological activities but is highly susceptible to oxidative, photolytic, and thermal degradation, making it challenging to preserve and use in therapeutics. Therefore, this study compares the preservation efficiency of a powder-based hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) inclusion-complex system for cannabinoid stability and solubility and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, a common lipid-based carrier in commercial formulations. Formulation characterizations, including CBD content (HPLC), color change, solvent residues, moisture, particle size, and zeta potential, were measured. DPPH experiments revealed that the HP-beta-CD complex exhibited higher antioxidant activity (89.2%, EC50 = 45.3 & micro;g/mL) than the MCT oil system (83.6%, EC50 = 58.7 & micro;g/mL), with ascorbic acid serving as the control (EC50 = 12.4 & micro;g/mL). Additionally, photostability testing (8000 lux) demonstrated superior CBD retention in the HP-beta-CD complex (>90%) compared with MCT oil (similar to 20%), indicating substantial light-induced degradation in the oil system. HP-beta-CD complex retained 92-93% CBD (k = 0.0084 week(-)& sup1;; t(1)/(2) = 82.5 weeks) versus 88% in MCT oil. At 40 degrees C, HP-beta-CD complex preserved 86-87% CBD. GC-FID/GC-MS showed that HP-beta-CD powder preserved CBD with only trace degradation (<0.1-1.0%). In contrast, MCT oil produced higher cannabinoid by-products (0.1-6.21%), and greater antioxidant degradation (2.5-8.6% vs 0.5-2.1%). The results suggested that CBD degradation follows matrix-dependent kinetics, with cyclodextrin encapsulation significantly reducing the apparent degradation rate constants relative to oil-based solubilization under identical stress conditions.
Keywords:
Cannabidiol (CBD)
Preservation strategies
Antioxidant activity
Photo thermal degradation
Oil-based formulations
Shelf-life enhancement
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